Abstract
As global food demand continues to grow, enhancing rice seed-setting rate and yield has emerged as a crucial research topic. The stigma exsertion rate in rice, a pivotal determinant of the outcrossing seed-setting rate in sterility lines, is essential for facilitating the propagation and efficient seed production of hybrid rice varieties. This article reviews the research progress on stigma exertion rate in rice, systematically analyzing the latest molecular biology and genetics findings to uncover the key genes and molecular mechanisms regulating stigma exertion. Furthermore, it explores the application of molecular marker-assisted selection technology in rice breeding, aiming to optimize stigma exertion traits to enhance the stigma exertion rate and outcrossing habits of rice sterility lines. By integrating existing research outcomes, this article not only provides researchers with a theoretical foundation for a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of stigma exertion but also offers practical strategies for rice breeding practices.