Abstract
The degradation of soil quality due to environmental conditions and improper management practices has caused a shrinkage in land areas suitable for crop cultivation. This necessitates a transition towards soilless culture systems, which offer desirable conditions for crop growth and development and increase resource use efficiency. One of the growth-limiting factors in soilless culture systems is the type of growing substrate. The use of more sustainable resources and environmentally friendly growing substrates is a challenge that affects the soilless culture industry. This work evaluates the efficacy of date palm waste (DPW) and rockwool as growing substrates for sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under greenhouse conditions. The plant height, stem diameter, average total leaf area, φPSII, and Fm' of leaf fluorescence show significant increases when plants are grown in rockwool. No differences are found in terms of the total yield or the number of marketable fruits and fruit quality between the two substrates. However, the DPW substrate shows a significant decrease in the number of unmarketable fruits and number of Blossom End Rot (BER) fruits. Plants grown in both growing substrates consume equal water amounts for the optimal fruit production, while the water use efficiency of rockwool is better than that of DPW. Our results highlight DPW's role in soilless production and as a key solution for resource-saving production systems.