Abstract
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health of people across the world, including those with disabilities in Bangladesh. However, very little research exists that has explored the mental health problems experienced by persons with disabilities in rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of common mental health problems in persons with disabilities in rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using the Bangla Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (BDASS-21) with sociodemographic was conducted among 950 participants with varying types of disabilities in Dhaka, Narayanganj, and Gazipur. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used to measure the effects. RESULTS: The prevalence of moderate to extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress among participants was 67.6%, 72.6%, and 49.5%, respectively. Urban participants exhibited significantly higher levels of depression (76.6% in Dhaka), anxiety (86.1% in Dhaka), and stress (32.1% in Dhaka) compared to their rural counterparts (depression: 86.16%, anxiety: 91.07%, stress: 97.77% in Gazipur). Gender differences were observed in anxiety, with females reporting higher anxiety levels than males (p<0.05). Age and geographical location were significantly associated with stress (p<0.042 and p<0.001, respectively), with those reporting higher anxiety also experiencing greater stress (p<0.001). Specific disabilities, such as visual disabilities, were linked to higher stress levels, while depression and anxiety did not show significant associations with demographic factors or disability type. CONCLUSION: Results highlight the prevalence of common mental health problems among persons with disabilities in Bangladesh. The findings can contribute to the development of appropriate public health intervention plans taking into consideration persons with disabilities, especially during emergencies.