Abstract
With the advancement in technology, machine learning can be applied to diagnose the mass/tumor in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This work proposes a novel developed transfer deep-learning model for the early diagnosis of brain tumors into their subclasses, such as pituitary, meningioma, and glioma. First, various layers of isolated convolutional-neural-network (CNN) models are built from scratch to check their performances for brain MRI images. Then, the 22-layer, binary-classification (tumor or no tumor) isolated-CNN model is re-utilized to re-adjust the neurons' weights for classifying brain MRI images into tumor subclasses using the transfer-learning concept. As a result, the developed transfer-learned model has a high accuracy of 95.75% for the MRI images of the same MRI machine. Furthermore, the developed transfer-learned model has also been tested using the brain MRI images of another machine to validate its adaptability, general capability, and reliability for real-time application in the future. The results showed that the proposed model has a high accuracy of 96.89% for an unseen brain MRI dataset. Thus, the proposed deep-learning framework can help doctors and radiologists diagnose brain tumors early.