Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To review the advances in utilizing paracrine effect of stem cells in knee osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. METHODS: The researches in applying stem cells derived conditioned medium, extracellular matrix, exosomes, and microvesicles in knee OA treatment and cartilage repair were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: The satisfying outcomes of using different products of stem cells paracrine effect in knee OA condition as well as cartilage defect is revealed in studies in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism including suppressing the intraarticular inflammation, the apoptosis of chondrocytes, and the degradation of cartilage matrix, while enhancing the synthesis of cartilage matrix, the differentiation of in-situ stem cells into chondrocytes and the migration to the affected area. The effectiveness can be further improved supplemented with the tissue engineering methods or gene modification. CONCLUSION: Compared with the traditional stem cell therapy, applying the products from paracrine effect of stem cells in knee OA treatment is more economical and safer, presenting great potential in clinical practice.