Abstract
Respiratory disease, such as lung cancer, is a major risk factor that seriously endangers human health. In the development of new drugs, conventional preclinical and clinical testing stages rely on cell culture and animal experiment. However, the two methods may fall short of fully representing human biology, thereby presenting an opportunity to advance technological innovation. In this review, we focus on the structure and the composition of supporting cells of organ-on-a-chip (OOAC), whose most notable feature is its biomimetic representation of the human body. Its core advantage lies in its biomimetic human structure, which enables broad application scenarios in the field of pulmonary diseases including lung cancer, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and pulmonary embolism. Finally, this review summarizes the current challenges and prospects of OOAC, highlighting its vast potential for advancement.