Abstract
A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MSMRM) method, leveraging both technique and internal calibration, was developed for the simultaneous and comprehensive quantitative analysis of 46 antioxidants and antioxidant precursors in different beer types without any cleanup procedure. Combined with their in vitro antioxidant activity, a dose-activity estimation exposed a group of 10 key antioxidants, namely, tryptophan, tyrosine, hordatine A, hordatine B, procyanidin B3, prodelphinidin B3, tachioside (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside), (+)-catechin, tyrosol, and ferulic acid. To study the effect of antioxidants in spiking and aging studies, another liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS)-based method was developed, monitoring markers for oxidation in beer. A positive effect of the antioxidants on the flavor stability at naturally relevant concentrations was shown by a slowing of oxygen-dependent aging reactions highlighted in beer storage trials under oxygen atmosphere. Thereby, a doubling of the natural concentration of all investigated antioxidants in beer revealed a limit inhibition of 67% on the degradation of cis-isocohumulone to hydroxy-cis-alloisocohumulone.