Abstract
This study addresses the impact of two synthetic fertilizers, potassium chloride (KCl) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP), on the physicochemical behavior of vitamin B3 (nicotinamide, NAD) in aqueous environments. Compressibility parameters (K (s), K (T),and K (s,ϕ)) are derived from ultrasonic velocity measurement to establish the compactness and incompressibility of hydration spheres. Ion pair and triplet interaction coefficients (K (AB)and K (ABB)) are obtained from the transfer values ( ΔtrKs,ϕ0) for understanding associative and repulsive forces acting between ionic, polar, and nonpolar segments of solute, cosolute and water. Ultrasonic relaxation strength (r (s)), specific heat capacity (C (P)), internal pressure (π(i)), and coefficient of thermal expansion (α(P)) are evaluated to assess ion-ion, ion-hydrophilic, and ion-hydrophobic interactions in the solutions. Hydration number (n (H)) is calculated by Passynky's acoustic method. Research on fertilizer-vitamin interactions in aquatic environments leads to improved environmental management strategies, advanced agricultural practices, and a deeper understanding of environmental sustainability.