Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a significant advancement in cancer treatment. However, the efficacy of monotherapies is limited by tumor heterogeneity, highlighting the need for combination strategies to overcome therapeutic limitations. This study provides a review of the molecular mechanisms, preclinical advancements and clinical outcomes associated with oncolytic virus (OV)‑targeted drug combinations over the past two decades, elaborating on the interaction mechanisms through which molecular targeted drugs and oncolytic viruses enhance antitumor effects. Additionally, the progress in translating OV‑based combination therapies for solid tumors into clinical practice is outlined and innovative strategies are proposed for developing novel therapeutic frameworks.