Abstract
During 2012-2014, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) issued three opinions on the safety and efficacy of vitamin D(3) for all animal species and concluded that no safety concern was identified for the use of vitamin D(3) for fish at the maximum authorised content of 0.075 mg/kg feed. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority made available to the Commission some studies on the safety of vitamin D(3) for fish and consumers at substantially higher levels (1.5 mg/kg feed) than those proposed by EFSA. The European Commission asked EFSA to review the information provided to estimate if it would be possible to increase the current levels of vitamin D(3) in feed for fish. The increasing use of plant-based feed materials in aquaculture feeds could induce a decrease in vitamin D(3) content in feedingstuffs. However, there is no evidence that the current total (background + supplemented) maximum EU content of vitamin D(3) may cause any appreciable risk of deficiency in salmonids. The possible contribution of vitamin D(2) in plant-based ingredients to the total vitamin D intake is considered to be low, although it cannot be reliably estimated. The FEEDAP Panel concludes that a total level of 1.5 mg vitamin D(3)/kg compound feed is safe for salmonids with a margin of safety of at least 10. For other fish, insufficient data are available to conclude on the safety of a total level of 1.5 mg vitamin D(3)/kg feed. Although the assessment of safety for the consumer is impaired by uncertainties concerning the transfer of vitamin D(3) from feed to fish flesh, it was concluded that an increase of total vitamin D content in fish feeds up to 1.5 mg/kg feed would not lead the tolerable upper intake level to be exceeded even in high consumers.