Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis is a prevalent metabolic bone disorder, particularly affecting the elderly, and is often linked to cardiovascular morbidity. This study investigated the associations among osteoporosis, biochemical markers, bone mineral density (BMD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 280 individuals diagnosed with osteoporosis and 182 without osteoporosis to assess the relationship between osteoporosis and serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and homocysteine (HCY). Correlations between these biochemical indices and BMD were evaluated. CVD prevalence was compared between osteoporosis and non-osteoporosis groups, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the predictive potential of BMD for CVD risk. RESULTS: Higher triglyceride, TC, and LDL levels were positively associated with osteoporosis, while elevated HDL and HCY levels showed inverse associations. Triglyceride levels correlated negatively with BMD, whereas TC and HDL demonstrated positive correlations. LDL showed a weak negative association, and HCY exhibited a strong inverse correlation with BMD. Individuals with osteoporosis had lower BMD and a higher incidence of CVD compared to those without osteoporosis. Logistic regression confirmed that reduced BMD significantly increased cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSION: This study highlights significant associations among osteoporosis, lipid profiles, HCY levels, BMD, and CVD. The findings suggest that dyslipidemia and altered HCY metabolism may contribute to both bone loss and cardiovascular pathology. BMD may serve as a potential biomarker for identifying individuals at increased cardiovascular risk. Further longitudinal research is needed to establish causal relationships and assess long-term clinical outcomes.