Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus prevalent in more than 110 countries and regions, including Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Europe. It can cause acute fever, rash, and severe joint pain, and some patients may develop chronic arthritis, which significantly impairs quality of life. CHIKV infection can occasionally be fatal, with neurologic disease a particularly severe manifestation. Following its resurgence in 2005, CHIKV has emerged as a major threat to global public health. This review summarizes diagnostic techniques, advances in vaccine development, and the latest drug interventions for CHIKV. We also present an overview of the epidemiology, structure, and invasion mechanisms of epidemic hotspots in 2024-2025 and propose evidence-based strategies for effective prevention and control of CHIKV infection.