Abstract
BACKGROUND: YouTube(TM) is an open-access source for mass information. Several previous studies of YouTube(TM) videos showed a high rate of misinformation in the urological field. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the quality of information on immunotherapy (IMT) for urological tumors uploaded to YouTube(TM). METHODS: YouTube(TM) videos were searched using nine keyword combinations. The PEMAT, the DISCERN tool, and the Misinformation scale were used to assess the quality of information in YouTube(TM) videos about IMT for urological tumors. Descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, proportion, and Pearson's tests were performed. RESULTS: According to the selection criteria, 156 YouTube(TM) videos were suitable for the analysis and stratified according to topic (urothelial carcinoma vs. renal cell cancer vs. prostate cancer vs. general information on IMT). According to PEMAT A/V, the overall Understandability score was 40% (Inter-Quartile Range [IQR]: 20-61.5) and the overall Actionability score was 0% (IQR: 0-25). According to the DISCERN tool, the overall DISCERN score was 44 (IQR: 39-53.2), defined as "fair". According to the Misinformation scale, we recorded the lowest median overall score for item 4 ("IMT in multimodality approach") and item 5 ("Future perspective"). CONCLUSIONS: YouTube(TM) cannot be recommended as a reliable source of information on IMT for urological malignancies. In addition, YouTube(TM) videos contributed to the spread of misinformation by underestimating the role of IMT in a multimodality approach and missing the findings of published clinical trial results.