Abstract
Ambient pressure drying (APD) of silica aerogels has emerged as an attractive method adapting to large-scale production. Spring-back is a unique phenomenon during APD of silica aerogels with volume expansion after its shrinkage under capillary force. We attribute the intense spring-back at elevated drying temperatures to a dense structure formed on the surface and the formation of positive internal pressure. Furthermore, an APD-assisted foaming method with an in situ introduction of NH(4)HCO(3) was proposed. NH(4)HCO(3) decomposing at drying temperatures hastened the emergence of positive pressure, thereby increasing the expansion volume. Compared to the previous method, the porosity of silica aerogel increased from 82.2% to 92.6%, and mesopore volume from 1.79 cm(3) g(-1) to 4.54 cm(3) g(-1). By adjusting the amount of the silicon source, silica aerogels prepared by the APD-assisted foaming method generated higher volume expansion and lower thermal conductivity. After calcination to remove undecomposed ammonium salts, the hydrophobic silica aerogel with a density of 0.112 g cm(-3) reached a mesopore volume of 5.07 cm(3) g(-1) and a thermal conductivity of 18.9 mW m(-1)·K(-1). This strategy not only improves the thermal insulation properties, but also offers a significant advancement in tailoring silica aerogels with specific porosity and mesopore volume for various applications.