Abstract
To detect and study diseases, research and clinical laboratories must quantify specific biomarkers in the plasma and urine of patients with precision, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness. Newly developed techniques, such as particle-based immunoassays, must be validated in these terms against standard methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Here, we compare the performance of assays that use hollow polyelectrolyte microcapsules with assays based on solid plastic beads, and with standard microplate immunoassays. The polyelectrolyte microcapsules detect the disease biomarker beta-2 microglobulin with a fifty-fold increase in sensitivity than polystyrene (PS) beads. For sequence-specific nucleic acid detection, the oligonucleotide-coated microcapsules exhibit a two-fold lower increase in sensitivity over PS beads. The microcapsules also detect the presence of a monoclonal antibody in hybridoma supernatant at a fifty-six-fold increase in sensitivity compared to a microplate assay. Overall, polyelectrolyte microcapsule-based assays are more sensitive for the detection of protein and nucleic acid analytes than PS beads and microplate assays, and they are viable alternatives as a platform for the rapid quantitative detection of analytes at very low concentrations.