Abstract
The rapid development of oasis desert cities adversely affects fragile ecosystems, preventing regional sustainable development. This study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and potential quantitative relationship between oasis landscape structure (OLS) and the ecological risk index (ERI) and the trend in different development scenarios in Tiemenguan City, a typical oasis city in an arid zone in northwestern China, from 1990 to 2020. We calculated the ERI thresholds for different landscape types, classified ecological risk levels, and examined the factors influencing ecological risk. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) thresholds were NDVI ≥ 30% for oases, 10%