Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL), a critical phospholipid situated within the mitochondrial membrane, plays a significant role in modulating intramitochondrial processes, especially in the context of certain cardiac pathologies; however, the exact effects of alterations in cardiolipin on septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) are still debated and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study highlights a notable increase in the expressions of ALCAT1 and PLSCR3 during the advanced stage of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced SCM. This up-regulation potential contribution to mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular apoptosis-as indicated by the augmented oxidative stress and cytochrome c (Cytc) release-coupled with reduced mitophagy, decreased levels of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and lowered cell viability. Additionally, the timing of LPS-induced apoptosis coincides with the decline in both autophagy and mitophagy at the late stages, implying that these processes may serve as protective factors against LPS-induced SCM in HL-1 cells. Together, these findings reveal the mechanism of LPS-induced CL changes in the center of SCM, with a particular emphasis on the importance of pathological remodeling and translocation of CL to mitochondrial function and apoptosis. Additionally, it highlights the protective effect of mitophagy in the early stage of SCM. This study complements previous research on the mechanism of CL changes in mediating SCM. These findings enhance our understanding of the role of CL in cardiac pathology and provide a new direction for future research.