Abstract
Eliminating the use of critical metals in cathode materials can accelerate global adoption of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Organic cathode materials, derived entirely from earth-abundant elements, are in principle ideal alternatives but have not yet challenged inorganic cathodes due to poor conductivity, low practical storage capacity, or poor cyclability. Here, we describe a layered organic electrode material whose high electrical conductivity, high storage capacity, and complete insolubility enable reversible intercalation of Li(+) ions, allowing it to compete at the electrode level, in all relevant metrics, with inorganic-based lithium-ion battery cathodes. Our optimized cathode stores 306 mAh g(-1)(cathode), delivers an energy density of 765 Wh kg(-1)(cathode), higher than most cobalt-based cathodes, and can charge-discharge in as little as 6 min. These results demonstrate the operational competitiveness of sustainable organic electrode materials in practical batteries.