Abstract
Cancer remains the foremost cause of mortality on a global scale. Immunotherapy has yielded remarkable outcomes in the fight against cancer and is regarded as one of the most crucial and promising therapeutic modalities. PCSK9, a critical target for plasma lipids control, has been extensively and deeply studied in multiple diseases. Currently, the functions of PCSK9 in cancer, particularly its immunomodulatory role, have been progressively revealed. PCSK9 is capable of modulating a variety of immune response throughout tumor progression by orchestrating lipid metabolism. Moreover, PCSK9 governs the cell fate of diverse immune cells, such as inflammatory factor signals, MHC signals, and TCR signals. This review comprehensively summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the role and underlying mechanisms of PCSK9 in tumorigenesis, progression, immune escape, and drug resistance.