Abstract
Bacterial infections, especially antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, pose a significant threat to human health. Supramolecular gel with innate antibacterial properties is an advanced material for the treatment of bacterial infections, which have attracted great attention. Herein, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive innate antibacterial supramolecular gel is developed by a bottom-up approach based on phenylalanine and hydrazide with innate antibacterial properties. The structure of gelators and intermediate products was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and a high-resolution mass spectrum (HRMS). The results of 1H NMR and the Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) experiment disclosed that hydrogen bonding and the π-π stacking force are the important self-assembly driving forces of gelators. The microstructure and mechanical properties of gel were studied by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Rheometer, respectively. An in vitro degradation experiment proved that the gelator has ROS-responsive degradation properties. The in vitro drug release experiment further manifested that antibiotic-loaded gel has ROS-responsive drug-release performances. An in vitro cytotoxicity experiment showed that the supramolecular gel has good biocompatibility and could promote cell proliferation. The in vitro antibacterial experiment proved that the supramolecular gel has excellent inherent antibacterial properties, and the antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was 98.6% and 99.1%, respectively. The ROS-responsive supramolecular gel as a novel antibacterial agent has great application prospects in treating antibiotic-resistant bacterial-infected wounds and preventing the development of bacterial resistance.