Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between CONUT score and serum vitamin (25-OHD, folic acid, vitamin B12) levels and CHD in young and middle-aged adults, and to analyze the value of CONUT score combined with serum vitamin (25-OHD, folic acid, vitamin B12) levels in predicting the risk of CHD in young and middle-aged adults. METHODS: This study was a retrospective case–control study. A total of 135 young and middle-aged patients with CHD diagnosed by coronary angiography in Tangshan Workers’ Hospital from April 2023 to October 2024 were selected as the case group (n = 135), and 120 patients with negative coronary angiography or CTA results in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group (n = 120). The nutritional status of the subjects was evaluated by CONUT score, and the serum vitamin level of the subjects was detected by chemiluminescence method. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between different nutritional status levels, serum vitamin levels and CHD in young and middle-aged people. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of CONUT score combined with serum vitamin level for the risk of CHD in young and middle-aged adults. RESULTS: The detection rate of malnutrition in the CHD group was 48.90%, and the detection rate of malnutrition in the control group was 30.80%. The multivariate results show that according to the unadjusted model, there was a significant relationship between high CONUT score, low 25-OHD, low folic acid, and low serum vitamin B12 levels and CHD. In multifactor models 2, after adjusting for gender, family history of premature CHD, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, history of smoking, LDL-C, Hcy, CRP, blood glucose, blood uric acid, serum creatinine and other traditional risk factors of CHD, it was found that CONUT score ≥ 2 points, serum 25-OHD ≤ 17.20 ng/ml, folic acid ≤ 10.90 ng/ml, serum vitamin B12 ≤ 485.50 pg/ml, the risk of CHD was higher. ROC curve analysis showed that CONUT score combined with three serum vitamins, AUC was 0.836(95%CI:0.788–0.884), the sensitivity and specificity were 83.7% and 69.2%(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The detection rate of nutritional imbalance in young and middle-aged patients with CHD is high, and there is a significant relationship between nutritional status and serum vitamin level and the risk of CHD in young and middle-aged patients. CONUT score and serum vitamin level can be used as indicators to evaluate the risk of CHD in young and middle-aged people. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-025-01220-0.