Abstract
As an alternative to commercial whole egg thermal pasteurization (TP), the sequential combination of moderate pressure (MP) and/or ultrasound (US) pre-treatments prior to a shorter TP was evaluated. The use of US alone or in combination with MP or TP resulted in an inactivation that was far from that of commercial TP. Nevertheless, when these three technologies were combined (MP-US-TP, 160 MPa/5 min-50% amplitude/1 min-60 °C/1.75 min), a safety level comparable to that of commercial TP was established. This was likely due to a decrease in the thermal resistance of Salmonella Senftenberg 775/W caused by MP and US pre-treatments. Regarding liquid whole egg (LWE) properties, using raw LWE as a reference, TP and MP treatments each decreased protein solubility (7-12%), which was accompanied by a viscosity increment (41-59%), whereas the US-only and MP-US-TP treatments improved protein solubility (about 4%) and reduced viscosity (about 34%). On average, all treatments lowered the emulsifying properties of LWE by 35-63%, with the MP-US-TP treatment having a more dramatic impact than commercial TP. In addition, the US-only, MP-only, and MP-US-TP treatments had the greatest impact on the volatile profile of LWE, lowering the concentration of the total volatile components. In comparison to commercial TP, LWE treated with MP-US-TP exhibited greater protein solubility (19%), lower viscosity (56%), and comparable emulsifying stability, but with a decreased emulsifying capacity (39%) and a lower total volatile compounds content (77%). Considering that a combined treatment (MP-US-TP) is lethally equivalent to commercial TP, but the latter better retained the quality properties of raw LWE, including volatiles, the application of MP followed by US pre-treatments before a shorter TP did not demonstrate significant advantages on quality parameters in comparison to commercial TP.