Abstract
The Wnt-planar cell polarity (Wnt-PCP) pathway is crucial in establishing cell polarity during development and tissue homoeostasis. This pathway is found to be dysregulated in many pathological conditions, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. The central event in Wnt-PCP pathway is the activation of Weak-similarity guanine nucleotide exchange factor (WGEF) by the adapter protein Dishevelled (Dvl). The PDZ domain of Dishevelled2 (Dvl2(PDZ)) binds and activates WGEF by releasing it from its autoinhibitory state. However, the actual Dvl2(PDZ) binding site of WGEF and the consequent activation mechanism of the GEF have remained elusive. Using biochemical and molecular dynamics studies, we show that a unique "internal-PDZ binding motif" (IPM) of WGEF mediates the WGEF-Dvl2(PDZ) interaction to activate the GEF. The residues at P(2), P(0), P(-2) and P(-3) positions of IPM play an important role in stabilizing the WGEF(pep)-Dvl2(PDZ) interaction. Furthermore, MD simulations of modelled Dvl2(PDZ)-WGEF(IPM peptide) complexes suggest that WGEF-Dvl2(PDZ) interaction may differ from the reported Dvl2(PDZ)-IPM interactions. Additionally, the apo structure of human Dvl2(PDZ) shows conformational dynamics different from its IPM peptide bound state, suggesting an induced fit mechanism for the Dvl2(PDZ)-peptide interaction. The current study provides a model for Dvl2 induced activation of WGEF.