Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been employed as a potent therapeutic modality within Chinese cultural contexts to address a spectrum of diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules that regulate genetic expression via post-transcriptional mechanisms. By modulating miRNA expression, TCMs have been proven to confer protective benefits, notably by facilitating apoptosis induction. Thus, exploring the molecular mechanisms implicating miRNAs within TCMs could offer potential avenues for developing novel strategies to mitigate various lethal illnesses. In this study, we aim to provide a concise overview delineating the contemporary understanding of the functions of TCMs in miRNA-mediated apoptosis across malignant and non-malignant pathologies, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. This review will furnish valuable insights concerning the clinical utilization of TCMs in treatment and prevention across a spectrum of clinically relevant diseases and serve as a catalyst for the innovation of novel therapeutic agents to address these pathologies.