Abstract
Sciatica, characterized by leg or back symptoms along the sciatic nerve pathway, often manifests as a chronic condition lasting over 12 weeks. Decision-making between nonoperative treatment and immediate microdiscectomy for chronic sciatica remains challenging, due to the complex relationship between symptom duration, severity, and lumbar discectomy outcomes. In this systematic review, we conducted a comprehensive search across Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, identifying relevant two-arm clinical trials up to September 2023. Rigorous screening and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers, with study quality evaluated using the risk of bias 2 (RoB) tool. This meta-analysis incorporated four studies comprising 352 participants. Our analysis revealed that conservative treatment was associated with a significant reduction in leg pain and improvement in, SF mental, and physical scores compared to surgical intervention. However surgical treatment demonstrated significant improvement in back pain. In conclusion, our findings suggest that surgical intervention may be more effective than non-surgical treatment for chronic sciatica-related back pain. Conservative treatment significantly reduces leg pain while improving mental and physical health outcomes. Ultimately, our findings support conservative as the initial approach unless surgery is warranted, particularly in cases with neurological deficits or cauda equina syndrome.