Abstract
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) addressed in its 2008 Strategic Plan an emerging concern that the current diagnostic system was hampering translational research, as accumulating data suggested that disorder categories constituted heterogeneous syndromes rather than specific diseases. However, established practices in peer review placed high priority on extant disorders in evaluating grant applications for mental illness. To provide guidelines for alternative study designs, NIMH included a goal to develop new ways of studying psychopathology based on dimensions of measurable behavior and related neurobiological measures. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project is the result, intended to build a literature that informs new conceptions of mental illness and future revisions to diagnostic manuals. The framework calls for the study of empirically-derived fundamental dimensions as characterized by related behavioral/psychological and neurobiological data (e.g., reward valuation, working memory). RDoC also emphasizes full-range dimensional approaches (from typical to increasingly abnormal), neurodevelopment and environmental effects, and research designs that integrate data across behavioral, biological, and self-report measures. This commentary provides an overview of the project's first decade and its potential future directions. RDoC remains grounded in experimental psychopathology perspectives, and its progress is strongly linked to psychological measurement and integrative approaches to brain-behavior relationships.