Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Self-efficacy (or the belief in one's ability to effect change) often moderates the relationship between education, interest, and actions in evaluations of training programs that prepare community-based investigators in the clinical and translational sciences workforce. Such evaluations, however, tend to emphasize individual-level attitudes when there are also community- or organizational-level outcomes impacted. METHODS: This study uses a novel sequential, explanatory mixed-methods design to explore multiple levels of self-efficacy (or self-awareness of personal growth in leadership) in the Clinical Scholars program, an equity-centered leadership development program for mid- to later-career healthcare professionals. Our design involves: (1) bivariate correlations and confirmatory factor analysis of self-assessed competencies across all program participants to identify emergent combinations of competencies, which informed (2) more nuanced thematic coding of participants' stories of most significant change in their personal and professional lives, as a result of the program. RESULTS: In unpacking their accounts of personal leadership styles (that aligned with our quantitative analyses of competencies), we found that participants demonstrated multiple competencies simultaneously. Specifically, they employed emotionally intelligent learning and consensus-building dialogue to manage conflict for interpersonal impact. Additionally, they used this combination of skills to unite diverse stakeholders under a shared vision in order to lead and manage organizational change where all colleagues' contributions were valued. CONCLUSION: Together, these methods extend our understanding of personal growth in leadership as an outcome of the program in terms of individual- and organizational-level impacts, using representative quantitative self-assessments to categorize rich qualitative descriptions.