Background
Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, patients with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) suffer from a high frequency of malignancies, but related risk factors remain elusive. Here, we focused on blood-circulating viral protein R (Vpr) of HIV, which induces proinflammatory cytokine production and genotoxicity by exogenous functions.
Conclusion
Vpr and IL-6 could be risk factors of HIV-1 associated malignancies, and it would be importance to monitor these molecules for well managing people living with HIV-1.