Abstract
Connections between the vestibular system and the basal ganglia have been postulated since the early 20th century. However, the results of electrophysiological studies investigating neuronal responses to electrical stimulation of the vestibular system have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation of the vestibular labyrinth on single neuron activity and c-Fos expression in the rat striatum. We used electrical stimulation of the vestibular labyrinth (various intensities delivered to the round window) to examine the electrophysiological response of striatal neurons and c-Fos expression. From 507 single neurons recorded (n = 20 rats), no vestibular-responsive neuron was found at 1× and 2× the nystagmus threshold; however, 6 neurons were found at 3× the threshold. These neurons were found bilaterally, with a response latency of ~50 msec from the end of the stimulus. For the c-Fos study, the number of neurons expressing c-Fos was quantified using stereological methods. Stimulation at 2× the threshold for nystagmus (n = 5 rats) resulted in a significant decrease in the number of neurons expressing c-Fos in the bilateral striatum compared to both the sham control group (n = 5) and the lower stimulus intensity group (n = 5) (P ≤ 0.0001 for both). The results of this study demonstrate that: (1) some single striatal neurons respond to electrical vestibular stimulation, however, these responses are circumscribed and infrequent; (2) electrical stimulation of the vestibular labyrinth results in a decrease in the number of striatal neurons expressing c-Fos, in a current-dependent manner.