Conclusion
PA and Ni at specific concentrations exhibited immunomodulatory activity on DPSCs and LPS-induced DPSCs without any cytotoxic effects and strong antibacterial effects on S. aureus.
Methods
After characterization of DPSCs, cytotoxicity of PA and Ni on DPSCs were evaluated using a water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1). The cytokines and chemokines released by DPSCs and the expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF alpha were detected with human Cytokine Array C5 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELİSA), respectively. The antibacterial activities of PA and Ni were tested using the drop plate method.
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the biological effects of "proanthocyanidin" (PA), and "nisin" (Ni), on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and LPS-induced DPSCs as well as their antimicrobial effects against S. aureus and E. coli. Materials and
Results
PA at 75 μg/ml increased cell viability, decreased TNF-α expression of DPSCs, did not show any cytotoxic effects on LPS-induced DPSCs, and also showed a tendency to decrease TNF-α expression. PA at 75 μg/ml exhibited higher expressions of TIMP-2, OPG, IL-7, and IL-8 in LPS-induced DPSCs compared to DPSCs. Ni at 100 μg/ml decreased TNF-α expression in DPSCs with no cytotoxic effects. It provided increased cell viability and a downregulation trend of TNF-α expression in LPS-induced DPSCs. Both Ni and PA provided strong antibacterial effects against S. aureus. Ni at 200μg/ml had strong antibacterial effects against E. coli without affecting negatively the viability of both DPSCs and LPS-induced DPSCs and showed anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing TNF-α expression. PA provided strong antibacterial effects against E. coli at 200 μg/ml but affected DPSCs viability negatively.