Super-enhancers and efficacy of triptolide in small cell carcinoma of the ovary hypercalcemic type

雷公藤甲素在高钙血症型卵巢小细胞癌中的超增强剂及疗效

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作者:Jessica D Lang, William Selleck, Shawn Striker, Nicolle A Hipschman, Rochelle Kofman, Anthony N Karnezis, Felix K F Kommoss, Friedrich Kommoss, Jae Rim Wendt, Salvatore J Facista, William P D Hendricks, Krystal A Orlando, Patrick Pirrotte, Elizabeth A Raupach, Victoria L Zismann, Yemin Wang, David G

Abstract

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary-hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) is a rare ovarian cancer affecting young females and is driven by the loss of both SWI/SNF ATPases SMARCA4 and SMARCA2. As loss of SWI/SNF alters enhancers, we hypothesized that super-enhancers, which regulate oncogene expression in cancer, are disparately impacted by SWI/SNF loss. We discovered differences between SWI/SNF occupancy at enhancers vs. super-enhancers. SCCOHT super-enhancer target genes were enriched in developmental processes, most notably nervous system development. This may further support neuronal cell-of-origin previously proposed. We found high sensitivity of SCCOHT cell lines to triptolide. Triptolide inhibits expression of many super-enhancer-associated genes, including oncogenes. SALL4 expression is decreased by triptolide and is highly expressed in SCCOHT tumors. In patient-derived xenograft models, triptolide and prodrug minnelide effectively inhibit tumor growth. These results reveal unique features of super-enhancers in SCCOHT, which may be one mechanism through which triptolide has high activity in these tumors.

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