Abstract
Background Triggering receptor expression on myeloid cells-1 (TREM1) belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is implicated in various conditions, including infectious and non-infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Notably, TREM1 is significantly dysregulated in numerous cancer types. However, the underlying mechanism driving TREM1 mRNA expression in cancers remains unclear. Objective This study aims to analyze the promoter methylation level of TREM1 and its overexpression with cancer. Methods This study utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort to analyze the methylation and expression levels of TREM1 in cancers. The University of ALabama at Birmingham CANcer (UALCAN) database facilitated data analysis from the TCGA dataset. Additionally, survival analysis was conducted using the TCGA dataset via Kaplan-Meier (KM) plots to identify significant associations with prognosis. Results Promoter methylation analysis revealed that TREM1 is hypomethylated in cancers, resulting in significantly overexpressed mRNA across various cancer types. This methylation and expression showed a negative correlation. Furthermore, high TREM1 mRNA expression was linked to poor prognosis in several cancers. Conclusion TREM1 gene expression negatively correlates with promotor DNA methylation and is associated with poor survival. It may serve as a prognostic marker and biomarker for various cancers. Future research should focus on further validation and antitumor immunity to elucidate its oncogenic role in cancers.