Abstract
This study presents a new multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array system designed for sub-6 GHz fifth generation (5G) cellular applications. The design features eight compact trapezoid slot elements with L-shaped CPW (Coplanar Waveguide) feedlines, providing broad bandwidth and radiation/polarization diversity. The antenna elements are compact in size and function within the frequency spectrum spanning from 3.2 to 6 GHz. They have been strategically positioned at the peripheral corners of the smartphone mainboard, resulting in a compact overall footprint of 75 mm × 150 mm FR4. Within this design framework, there are four pairs of antennas, each aligned to offer both horizontal and vertical polarization options. In addition, despite the absence of decoupling structures, the adjacent elements in the array exhibit high isolation. The array demonstrates a good bandwidth of 2800 MHz, essential for 5G applications requiring high data rates and reliable connectivity, high radiation efficiency, and dual-polarized/full-coverage radiation. Furthermore, it achieves low ECC (Envelope Correlation Coefficient) and TARC (Total Active Reflection Coefficient) values, measuring better than 0.005 and -20 dB, respectively. With its compact and planar configuration, quite broad bandwidth, acceptable SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) and excellent radiation characteristics, this suggested MIMO antenna array design shows good promise for integration into 5G hand-portable devices. Furthermore, a compact phased-array millimeter-wave (mmWave) antenna with broad bandwidth is introduced as a proof of concept for higher frequency antenna integration. This design underscores the potential to support future 5G and 6G applications, enabling advanced connectivity in smartphones.