Discussion
These data suggested that KI in combination with aPDT as an innovative approach to combat S. mutans and C. albicans biofilm, and thus as an optional treatment for caries.
Methods
Mixed-species biofilm was constructed of S. mutans and C. albicans on dentin blocks. The antibiofilm efficacy, cytotoxicity and antibiofilm mechanism of KI in combination with aPDT were determined and evaluated.
Results
KI+TBO-aPDT treatment caused reduction in microorganism counts, metabolic activity, and biofilm biomass of mixed-species biofilm without inducing cytotoxicity to hDPCs (human dental pulp cells). Observations such increased ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels, impaired cell membrane function, cell apoptosis and reduced expression in several genes seem to be artifacts of reduced growth and general killing by KI+TBO-aPDT treatment.