Abstract
The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis and is thus directly exposed to the environment. It consists mainly of corneocytes, which are keratinocytes in the last stage of differentiation, having neither nuclei nor organelles. However, they retain keratin filaments embedded in filaggrin matrix and possess a lipid envelope which protects the body from desiccation. Despite the desiccated, nutrient-poor, and acidic nature of the skin making it a hostile environment for most microorganisms, this organ is colonized by commensal microbes. Among the classic skin commensals are Propionibacterium acnes and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) with Staphylococcus epidermidis as a leading species. An as-yet-unanswered question is what enables S. epidermis to colonize skin so successfully. In their recent article, P. D. Fey and his colleagues (P. Roy, A. R. Horswill, and P. D. Fey, mBio 12:e02908-20, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02908-20) have brought us one step closer to answering this question.