Abstract
The risk of developing epilepsy is strongly linked to peripheral inflammatory disorders in humans. High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) has the most focus for being a suspect in this scenario. The current study aimed to detect the celecoxib effect, an anti-inflammatory drug, on decreasing seizure susceptibility and organ damage in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/pilocarpine (PILO) pretreated Wistar rats. Rats were divided into 6 groups (8 each): group 1 (control), group 2 (PILO), group 3 (PILO+LPS), group 4 (PILO+LPS+(VPA) Valproic acid), group 5 (PILO+LPS+Celecoxib), and group 6 (PILO+LPS+VPA+Celecoxib). LPS was used to induce sepsis and PILO to induce seizures. Oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and HMGB1 levels in serum and brain homogenate were evaluated. Histopathological studies were conducted on the hippocampus, liver, lung, and kidney. Treatment with celecoxib either alone or in combination with VPA significantly reduced Racine score and delays latency to generalized tonic-clonic seizures onset with a significant decrease in hippocampal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and increase in reduced glutathione. In addition, celecoxib treatment either alone or in combination with VPA suppressed HMGB1translocation into peripheral circulation more than treatment with VPA alone. Furthermore, hippocampus, liver, lung, and kidney histopathological changes were improved in contrast to other epileptic groups. Celecoxib either alone or combined with VPA has antiepileptic and multiorgan protective effects on acute seizures and inflammatory models induced by PILO with LPS. It decreased histopathological findings, oxidative, and inflammatory effects induced by VPA and LPS. This might be due to its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-HMGB1 mediated effects.