Abstract
Psychotropic drugs such as antipsychotics improve symptoms of psychiatric disorders. However, they are associated with severe metabolic side effects that remodel energy balance, resulting in weight gain and increased food intake (hyperphagia). Here, we compare how antipsychotics and exogenous serotonin induce hyperphagia by remodeling energy balance. We find that the ability of serotonin and antipsychotics to remodel energy balance strictly depends on the serotonergic receptors SER-7 and SER-5, respectively. While both molecules induce hyperphagia, serotonin does so by increasing energy expenditure and reducing fat stores. In contrast, antipsychotics block the inhibitory effect of fat storage on feeding, thereby inducing hyperphagia and increasing fat stores. Thus, it is possible to manipulate energy balance to induce hyperphagia while either increasing or decreasing fat storage. Inactivation of the germline remodels energy balance similar to antipsychotic treatment, promoting hyperphagia while increasing fat storage. Consistent with overlapping mechanisms, antipsychotics are no longer able to remodel energy balance in both C. elegans and mice lacking an intact germline. Thus, our results uncouple overeating from fat storage and show that overeating can be induced by mechanisms that reduce or increase fat stores.