Conclusion
Combination of WPH and ARG enhances the satiating effect of nonivamide, providing opportunities to optimize satiating food formulations by low amounts of the individual food constituents.
Results
Compared to NV control intervention, ARG and WPH + ARG treatment both reduce (p < 0.01) total calorie intake from a standardized breakfast by -5.9 ± 4.15% and -6.07 ± 4.38%, respectively. For the WPH + ARG intervention, increased mean plasma serotonin concentrations (AUC: 350 ± 218), quantitated by ELISA, and delayed gastric emptying, assessed by 13 C-Na-acetate breath test (-2.10 ± 0.51%, p < 0.05), are demonstrated compared to NV control. Correlation analysis between plasma serotonin and gastric emptying reveals a significant association after WPH ± ARG intervention (r = -0.396, p = 0.045).