Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men, with a high propensity for bone metastasis that significantly impairs patient quality of life. The Wnt5a signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the progression and metastasis of PCa. Wnt5a can act as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor, highlighting its complex and context-dependent functions. In PCa, Wnt5a promotes tumor progression through mechanisms such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and interaction with androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Conversely, Wnt5a can induce dormancy in bone-metastatic PCa cells via the ROR2/SIAH2 axis, inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Understanding the dual roles of Wnt5a in PCa and bone metastasis is crucial for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of disease progression and identifying potential therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the current understanding of Wnt5a's role in PCa and bone metastasis, emphasizing its significance in tumor biology and clinical management.