Dynamic Velocity Tracking in the Left-Ventricular Outflow Track Using Four-Dimensional 4D Flow for the Assessment of Left Ventricular Outflow Track Obstruction

Stress 4D flow CMR is a powerful non-invasive tool for diagnosing and localizing dynamic LVOT obstruction. By quantifying peak velocities and flow patterns under stress, it provides critical insights into hemodynamics, especially when echocardiography is limited, enabling accurate diagnosis and improved clinical decision-making in complex cases.