Abstract
A number of techniques have been described for managing anterior urethral strictures in men. In this review, we aimed to summarize contemporary considerations regarding the holistic management of such strictures. The efficacy of reported outcomes is compared to provide evidence-based treatment recommendations. For anterior urethral strictures, durable long-term success rates of >90% may be achieved if the procedure is performed in capable hands at a high-volume referral center, even in recurrent strictures after previous open reconstruction. A one-stage urethroplasty is preferable to avoid a protracted treatment course with multiple interventions after dilation and direct vision internal urethrotomy. Staged urethroplasties are useful in complex anterior strictures providing durable success rates. In addition, perineal urethrostomy represents a valid last resort option with sufficient objective and subjective results. A follow-up evaluation should incorporate objective assessments such as radiographic and functional diagnostics as well as subjective, validated, and disease-specific patient-reported outcome measurement tools to allow for a better comparability and to improve individual risk prediction.