Abstract
The majority of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) treatments produce lots of toxic by-products, among which N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a strong carcinogen. The compositions of the by-products are important for evaluating the treatment efficiency and understanding the UDMH degradation mechanism to achieve UDMH mineralization. The intermediate and end products of UDMH treatment with different oxidants were investigated by using a simple and fast method, solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effects of several parameters (coating fibre, salt addition, pH, sampling time and desorption time) were studied to optimize analyte recovery. The best response can be attained by the 65 µm PDMS/DVB fibre at pH 7 during 10 min after desorption of 1 min in the GC inlet. The intermediate and final oxidative products of UDMH wastewater treatment with different oxidants (O(3), Mn(2+)/O(3), Fe(2+)/H(2)O(2)) were investigated. The results showed that the UDMH treatment with O(3) could lead to high yields of NDMA. Metal catalytic ozonation could largely minimize the formation of NDMA. No NDMA was observed in the final decontaminated samples after treatment with Fe(2+)/H(2)O(2). The NDMA formation and degradation mechanism were discussed based on the intermediates. This study is expected to provide useful information for controlling NDMA formation during UDMH wastewater treatment.