Abstract
This study aimed to explore the activity of combined antimicrobials in vitro, and the relationship among resistance mechanisms, antimicrobial regimens, and the clinical outcome of patients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections in western China. A total of 89 CRAB strains were collected from patients with CRAB infection from January 2018 to June 2018. The checkerboard assay was used to study the combined effects in vitro. Carbapenemase-encoding genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or multiplex PCR technique. The clinical data of 86 patients were collected. CRAB showed high susceptibility to tigecycline (91.01% inhibition) and polymyxin (83.15% inhibition). Polymyxin plus sulbactam exhibited the highest synergistic effect at a rate of 82.35%. Production of carbapenemase (bla OXA-23) was the main resistance mechanism of CRAB to carbapenem (95.35%). Excessive expression of active efflux pump genes (adeB, adeJ, and abeM) and deletion of the CarO protein accounted for 13.95% (12/86) and 84.88% (73/86), respectively. The synergistic effect of the sulbactam-based combination was higher than that of the polymyxin B-tigecycline combination for carbapenemase-producing CRAB (P < 0.05). The clinical outcome was not affected by the resistance mechanisms (P > 0.05). Advanced age, multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS), and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) were associated with treatment failure (P < 0.05). Appropriate antibiotic therapy did not improve the clinical outcome of critically ill patients. Higher minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tigecycline were associated with treatment failure (P < 0.05). A multivariate analysis showed that ICU stay (OR = 15.123, 95% CI: 2.600-87.951, P = 0.002) and procalcitonin ≥2 ng/ml (OR = 2.636, 95% CI: 1.173-5.924, P = 0.019) were the risk factors for treatment failure. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the sulbactam-based combination exhibited a synergistic effect in vitro. The clinical outcome of patients was not associated with resistance mechanisms. This indicates that the early control of the progression from infection to severe disease may be important.