Abstract
Commissural axons initially respond to attractive signals at the midline, but once they cross, they become sensitive to repulsive cues. In insects and mammals, negative regulation of the surface expression of Roundabout (Robo) receptors prevents premature response to Slit. We previously identified two mammalian Nedd4 interacting proteins, Ndfip1 and Ndfip2, that act analogously to Drosophila Commissureless (Comm) to recruit mammalian Robo1 to late endosomes. However, whether Nedd4 E3 ubiquitin ligases are required for Ndfip-mediated Robo1 regulation and midline axon crossing in vivo is not known. Here, we show using in vitro biochemical techniques and genetic analysis using embryonic mice of either sex that Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2 are specifically required for Robo1 regulation and spinal commissural axon guidance. Biochemical data indicate that Robo1, Ndfip and Nedd4 form a ternary protein complex that depends on the presence of Ndfip, and these interactions are required for Robo1 endosomal sorting, ubiquitylation and degradation. Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2 are expressed in commissural neurons in the developing spinal cord, and conditional deletion of Nedd4-1 or Nedd4-2 results in dose-dependent defects in midline crossing. We propose that Nedd4 E3 Ubiquitin ligases and their adaptor proteins Ndfip1 and Ndfip2 constitute a vital intracellular trafficking pathway required to downregulate Robo1 and promote midline crossing of commissural axons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT During the development of the nervous system, many neurons extend their axons across the midline to establish circuits that are important for sensory, motor and cognitive functions. In order to cross the midline, axon responses to midline-derived cues must be precisely regulated. Here, we characterize an important intracellular trafficking pathway that regulates the membrane expression of the conserved Roundabout (Robo) axon guidance receptor- the receptor for the midline repellant Slit. We show that Nedd4 E3 Ubiquitin ligases and their Ndfip adapter proteins inhibit premature responses to Slit by promoting Robo degradation in precrossing commissural neurons in the developing spinal cord.