Abstract
Objectives: The objectives of the current study were to validate the LittlEARS(®) Early Speech Production Questionnaire (LEESPQ) in Romanian and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Romanian version of the questionnaire for Romanian children with normal hearing. The LEESPQ was created and tested for the assessment of preverbal and early verbal skills (0-18 months) in children with normal hearing. Methods: The English version of the LittlEARS(®) Early Speech Production Questionnaire (LEESPQ) was adapted into Romanian language using a translation/back-translation procedure and validation of the content before applying the questionnaire. The Romanian version was applied to the parents of 232 children with normal hearing, aged between 0 and 18 months. The questionnaire was statistically analyzed to assess its reliability, internal consistency, predictive accuracy, and the influence of gender on children's scores. Results: Statistical analyses confirmed the LEESPQ's reliability (α = 0.876) and high predictive accuracy (λ = 0.951). Age correlated strongly with total scores (ρ = 0.67; p < 0.001), supporting the age-dependent progression of speech production milestones. Gender did not significantly affect the scores. Normative curves and minimum expected scores were established for each age group. Conclusions: This study confirmed that the Romanian version of the LEESPQ is a reliable, valid, language-independent instrument, useful in the assessment of language development in children with normal hearing, aged up to 18 months.