Abstract
BACKGROUND: Wildfires can have complex effects on wildlife populations. Understanding how post-fire conditions affect the movement ecology of threatened species can assist in better conservation and management, including informing the release of rescued and rehabilitated animals. The 2019-2020 megafires in Australia resulted in thousands of animals coming into care due to injury or concerns over habitat degradation. This included hundreds of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus), for which relatively little was known about how fire affected habitat suitability, or when rehabilitated animals could be returned to burnt areas. METHODS: We compared the movements of koalas across three experimental groups-non-rehabilitated koalas in burnt habitat, non-rehabilitated koalas in nearby unburnt habitat, and rehabilitated koalas returned to their rescue location in burnt habitat in New South Wales, Australia. We GPS-tracked 32 koalas for up to nine months and compared, across treatment groups, home ranges, mean nightly distance moved, the farthest distance moved from their release site and total displacement distance. RESULTS: We found no differences in koala movements and home range size between non-rehabilitated koalas in burnt and unburnt habitat. However, rehabilitated koalas moved farther from their release site, had larger displacement distances, and larger home ranges than non-rehabilitated individuals. Regardless of their experimental group, we also found that males moved further than females each night. Additionally, our resource selection analysis showed that, koalas preferred low and moderately burnt habitats over all other fire severity classes. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental frameworks that incorporate "treatment" and "control" groups can help isolate disturbance effects on animal movements. Encouragingly, despite catastrophic wildfires, burnt woodlands provided adequate resources for koalas to persist and recover. Furthermore, rehabilitated koalas re-integrated into the burnt landscape despite moving farther from their release sites than non-rehabilitated individuals. Studies like this improve our understanding of the ecological impacts of fire on species and their habitats, and will be instrumental in informing wildlife management and conservation efforts as wildfires increase in frequency and severity worldwide in response to climate change.