Post-acute Corticospinal and Spinal Tractopathy after Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Novel Post-infectious Neurological Syndrome?

2019冠状病毒病后急性皮质脊髓束病变:一种新型感染后神经系统综合征?

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Abstract

We herein report two cases of tractopathy affecting the bilateral corticospinal tracts (CSTs) and the spinal cord following coronavirus disease 2019. Both patients developed progressive sensorimotor deficits with spasticity, a truncal sensory level with severely impaired deep sensation, and bowel/bladder dysfunction one to three months post-infection. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral CST and lateral column lesions. Somatosensory evoked potentials confirmed posterior column dysfunction. Initial treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin was ineffective; however, multiple courses of immunotherapy and prolonged corticosteroids led to marked improvement. These cases suggest a tract-specific, delayed, immune-mediated process triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, underscoring the need for extended immunotherapy for optimal recovery.

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