Abstract
Establishing a safe and stable routing path for a source-destination pair is necessary regardless of the weather conditions. The reason for this is that vehicles can improve safety on the road by exchanging messages and updating each other on the current conditions of both roads and vehicles. This paper intends to solve the problem of when foggy roads make it difficult for drivers to travel, especially when people encounter emergency situations and have no other option but to drive in foggy weather. Although the literature offers few solutions to the problem, no one has considered integrating software-defined networking into vehicular networks for foggy roads to create an optimal routing path. Moreover, it is of significance to mention that vehicles in adverse weather conditions travel following each other and maintaining a constant safety distance, which leads to the formation of a platoon. Considering this, we propose a heterogeneous communication protocol in a software-defined vehicular network to establish an optimal routing path using platoons on foggy highways. Different cases were tested to show how platoons behave in high connectivity and sparsity, achieving a maximum delivery ratio of 99%, a delay of 2 ms, an overhead of 55%, and an acceptable number of hops compared to reference schemes.