Abstract
During a survey of helicosporous hyphomycetes in tropical regions of China, four fungal strains were isolated from decaying wood in freshwater habitats of Hainan Province. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (LSU, ITS, tef1-α, and rpb2), coupled with detailed morphological examinations, support the recognition of two new species, Neohelicomyces baochengensis and N. xiangshuiensis. Comprehensive morphological descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic notes, and phylogenetic evidence are provided to clarify their systematic placement. These findings broaden the current understanding of Neohelicomyces diversity and provide further records of the genus from tropical freshwater habitats in Hainan Province.