Abstract
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes transmit multiple arboviruses, but population suppression through the mass release of sterile or incompatible male mosquitoes can effectively reduce populations. These methods depend on the reliable mass-rearing of healthy, robust males that can successfully mate with wild females. The microbiota, a critical component of the larval diet, can dramatically influence life history traits relevant to mass-rearing and male quality. Here, we used axenic (microbe-free), monoxenic (inoculated with E. coli), and "laboratory community" mosquitoes (inoculated with an undefined microbiota derived from laboratory mosquitoes) to show that longevity was significantly enhanced in axenic and monoxenic males compared to laboratory community males. Moreover, monoxenic males more efficiently obtained mates in non-competitive mating scenarios compared to laboratory community males. However, microbiota treatment had no effect when males from different treatments competed for a mate. Our findings suggest that the microbiota is a key determinant of male mosquito life history with direct implications for optimizing production of males for control programs.